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- STRSEN - reorder the real Schur factorization of a real matrix A =
- Q*T*Q**T, so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in the
- leading diagonal blocks of the upper quasi-triangular matrix T,
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- SUBROUTINE STRSEN( JOB, COMPQ, SELECT, N, T, LDT, Q, LDQ, WR, WI, M, S,
- SEP, WORK, LWORK, IWORK, LIWORK, INFO )
-
- CHARACTER COMPQ, JOB
-
- INTEGER INFO, LDQ, LDT, LIWORK, LWORK, M, N
-
- REAL S, SEP
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- LOGICAL SELECT( * )
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- INTEGER IWORK( * )
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- REAL Q( LDQ, * ), T( LDT, * ), WI( * ), WORK( * ), WR( * )
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- PPPPUUUURRRRPPPPOOOOSSSSEEEE
- STRSEN reorders the real Schur factorization of a real matrix A =
- Q*T*Q**T, so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in the
- leading diagonal blocks of the upper quasi-triangular matrix T, and the
- leading columns of Q form an orthonormal basis of the corresponding right
- invariant subspace.
-
- Optionally the routine computes the reciprocal condition numbers of the
- cluster of eigenvalues and/or the invariant subspace.
-
- T must be in Schur canonical form (as returned by SHSEQR), that is, block
- upper triangular with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks; each 2-by-2
- diagonal block has its diagonal elemnts equal and its off-diagonal
- elements of opposite sign.
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- AAAARRRRGGGGUUUUMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS
- JOB (input) CHARACTER*1
- Specifies whether condition numbers are required for the cluster
- of eigenvalues (S) or the invariant subspace (SEP):
- = 'N': none;
- = 'E': for eigenvalues only (S);
- = 'V': for invariant subspace only (SEP);
- = 'B': for both eigenvalues and invariant subspace (S and SEP).
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- COMPQ (input) CHARACTER*1
- = 'V': update the matrix Q of Schur vectors;
- = 'N': do not update Q.
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- SELECT (input) LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
- SELECT specifies the eigenvalues in the selected cluster. To
- select a real eigenvalue w(j), SELECT(j) must be set to w(j) and
- w(j+1), corresponding to a 2-by-2 diagonal block, either
- SELECT(j) or SELECT(j+1) or both must be set to either both
- included in the cluster or both excluded.
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- N (input) INTEGER
- The order of the matrix T. N >= 0.
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- T (input/output) REAL array, dimension (LDT,N)
- On entry, the upper quasi-triangular matrix T, in Schur canonical
- form. On exit, T is overwritten by the reordered matrix T, again
- in Schur canonical form, with the selected eigenvalues in the
- leading diagonal blocks.
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- LDT (input) INTEGER
- The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N).
-
- Q (input/output) REAL array, dimension (LDQ,N)
- On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the matrix Q of Schur vectors. On
- exit, if COMPQ = 'V', Q has been postmultiplied by the orthogonal
- transformation matrix which reorders T; the leading M columns of
- Q form an orthonormal basis for the specified invariant subspace.
- If COMPQ = 'N', Q is not referenced.
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- LDQ (input) INTEGER
- The leading dimension of the array Q. LDQ >= 1; and if COMPQ =
- 'V', LDQ >= N.
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- WR (output) REAL array, dimension (N)
- WI (output) REAL array, dimension (N) The real and imaginary
- parts, respectively, of the reordered eigenvalues of T. The
- eigenvalues are stored in the same order as on the diagonal of T,
- with WR(i) = T(i,i) and, if T(i:i+1,i:i+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal
- block, WI(i) > 0 and WI(i+1) = -WI(i). Note that if a complex
- eigenvalue is sufficiently ill-conditioned, then its value may
- differ significantly from its value before reordering.
-
- M (output) INTEGER
- The dimension of the specified invariant subspace. 0 < = M <= N.
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- S (output) REAL
- If JOB = 'E' or 'B', S is a lower bound on the reciprocal
- condition number for the selected cluster of eigenvalues. S
- cannot underestimate the true reciprocal condition number by more
- than a factor of sqrt(N). If M = 0 or N, S = 1. If JOB = 'N' or
- 'V', S is not referenced.
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- SEP (output) REAL
- If JOB = 'V' or 'B', SEP is the estimated reciprocal condition
- number of the specified invariant subspace. If M = 0 or N, SEP =
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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- norm(T). If JOB = 'N' or 'E', SEP is not referenced.
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- WORK (workspace) REAL array, dimension (LWORK)
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- LWORK (input) INTEGER
- The dimension of the array WORK. If JOB = 'N', LWORK >=
- max(1,N); if JOB = 'E', LWORK >= M*(N-M); if JOB = 'V' or 'B',
- LWORK >= 2*M*(N-M).
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- IWORK (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (LIWORK)
- IF JOB = 'N' or 'E', IWORK is not referenced.
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- LIWORK (input) INTEGER
- The dimension of the array IWORK. If JOB = 'N' or 'E', LIWORK >=
- 1; if JOB = 'V' or 'B', LIWORK >= M*(N-M).
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- INFO (output) INTEGER
- = 0: successful exit
- < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
- = 1: reordering of T failed because some eigenvalues are too
- close to separate (the problem is very ill-conditioned); T may
- have been partially reordered, and WR and WI contain the
- eigenvalues in the same order as in T; S and SEP (if requested)
- are set to zero.
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- FFFFUUUURRRRTTTTHHHHEEEERRRR DDDDEEEETTTTAAAAIIIILLLLSSSS
- STRSEN first collects the selected eigenvalues by computing an orthogonal
- transformation Z to move them to the top left corner of T. In other
- words, the selected eigenvalues are the eigenvalues of T11 in:
-
- Z'*T*Z = ( T11 T12 ) n1
- ( 0 T22 ) n2
- n1 n2
-
- where N = n1+n2 and Z' means the transpose of Z. The first n1 columns of
- Z span the specified invariant subspace of T.
-
- If T has been obtained from the real Schur factorization of a matrix A =
- Q*T*Q', then the reordered real Schur factorization of A is given by A =
- (Q*Z)*(Z'*T*Z)*(Q*Z)', and the first n1 columns of Q*Z span the
- corresponding invariant subspace of A.
-
- The reciprocal condition number of the average of the eigenvalues of T11
- may be returned in S. S lies between 0 (very badly conditioned) and 1
- (very well conditioned). It is computed as follows. First we compute R so
- that
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- P = ( I R ) n1
- ( 0 0 ) n2
- n1 n2
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- is the projector on the invariant subspace associated with T11. R is the
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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- solution of the Sylvester equation:
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- T11*R - R*T22 = T12.
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- Let F-norm(M) denote the Frobenius-norm of M and 2-norm(M) denote the
- two-norm of M. Then S is computed as the lower bound
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- (1 + F-norm(R)**2)**(-1/2)
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- on the reciprocal of 2-norm(P), the true reciprocal condition number. S
- cannot underestimate 1 / 2-norm(P) by more than a factor of sqrt(N).
-
- An approximate error bound for the computed average of the eigenvalues of
- T11 is
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- EPS * norm(T) / S
-
- where EPS is the machine precision.
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- The reciprocal condition number of the right invariant subspace spanned
- by the first n1 columns of Z (or of Q*Z) is returned in SEP. SEP is
- defined as the separation of T11 and T22:
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- sep( T11, T22 ) = sigma-min( C )
-
- where sigma-min(C) is the smallest singular value of the
- n1*n2-by-n1*n2 matrix
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- C = kprod( I(n2), T11 ) - kprod( transpose(T22), I(n1) )
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- I(m) is an m by m identity matrix, and kprod denotes the Kronecker
- product. We estimate sigma-min(C) by the reciprocal of an estimate of the
- 1-norm of inverse(C). The true reciprocal 1-norm of inverse(C) cannot
- differ from sigma-min(C) by more than a factor of sqrt(n1*n2).
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- When SEP is small, small changes in T can cause large changes in the
- invariant subspace. An approximate bound on the maximum angular error in
- the computed right invariant subspace is
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- EPS * norm(T) / SEP
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